The rock dove (Columba livia), also known as the rock pigeon or common pigeon, is one of the world’s most familiar birds. Although considered a wild species, it has adapted remarkably well to living alongside humans, even when it is not caged or cared for.
Belonging to the Columbidae family of pigeons and doves, the species was first formally recorded in 1789 by German naturalist Johann Friedrich Gmelin. Domestic pigeons are descended from the rock dove, while escaped domestic birds have established feral pigeon populations in cities across the world.
The genus name Columba comes from the Latin word for “pigeon,” with links to the Ancient Greek word kólumbos, meaning “a diver,” reportedly referring to its characteristic movement. The species name livia is a Medieval Latin form associated with “livid” or “bluish-grey,” describing its coloration.
The subspecies Columba livia intermedia, photographed in South India in 2012, occurs widely across South India and Sri Lanka. It was recorded in 1844 by English ornithologist Hugh Edwin Strickland.
Pigeons have also played an important role in human history, serving as pets and carrier birds for delivering messages. Wild, domestic and feral pigeons generally form long-term pair bonds, although extra-pair mating can occur.
Vincent Vanur
