A recent study by Kerala Agricultural University has highlighted growing concerns over artificial light pollution in five protected areas of the Western Ghats. The research found significant levels of artificial nighttime illumination in ecologically sensitive regions, raising concerns about its possible impact on wildlife, vegetation and biodiversity.
Unlike conventional forms of pollution, light pollution is often less visible as an environmental threat. However, excessive artificial lighting can alter the natural day-night cycle that many species depend on. Nocturnal animals may change their movement and feeding patterns, while insects attracted to artificial lights can experience disruption in their natural behaviour and reproduction.
Researchers have warned that prolonged exposure to artificial light could also affect birds, bats, amphibians and other wildlife. Changes in nighttime conditions may interfere with predator-prey relationships and other ecological interactions.
The Western Ghats is recognised as one of the world’s important biodiversity hotspots and is home to numerous endemic and threatened species. The findings therefore underline the importance of carefully managing artificial lighting around protected forests, roads, tourist facilities and nearby settlements.
Experts say further research is needed to understand the long-term ecological consequences and identify appropriate mitigation measures. Reducing unnecessary lighting, using wildlife-friendly lighting systems and protecting naturally dark areas could help minimise the impact.
The study highlights the need to consider light pollution alongside other environmental pressures while planning conservation strategies for the Western Ghats.
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